I received an e-mail.
It was a an ironic joke.
"
During the heat of the space race in the 1960's, the
U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration
(NASA) decided it needed a ball point pen to write
in the zero gravity confines of its space capsules.
After considerable research and development, the
Astronaut Pen was developed at a cost of $1 million
to the United States. The pen worked, and also
enjoyed some modest success as a novelty item back
here on earth.
The Soviet Union, faced with the same problem, used
a pencil!"
This is, of course, loose stool water of the highest order.
You can't use a pencil in a space capsule, particularly those used in the 1960s. If the tip broke off your pencil in zero-gravity, the little bit of graphite may float off and get inhaled, stuck in your eye, short out the "make rocket go boom now switch", that sort of thing.
Moreover, how would you sharpen it in zero G without contaminating the whole capsule? The Soviets never used pencils.
What Nasa did do, at first, was use ordinary ball-point pens. They work fine in zero gravity.Then A Mr Fisher, an engineer who ran a third party pen refill company, developed a refill using thixotropic
ink, solid
until the action of the rolling ball liquefied it so that it would
flow only when needed. The cartridge was pressurized with nitrogen, it could also write underwater and
upside down and as the ink flowed when you wanted it to,
and not the rest of the time it had a very long shelf life and excellent reliability.
The Fisher cartridge was adopted by Nasa, not developed by them, and is also used by the Russians. It's first use in space was the October, 1968 Apollo 7 mission, using a Fisher AG-7 Space Pen.
My leaving gift from the Gold Coast Hospital was a Fisher AG-7 space pen. It's lovely.
So, what I am trying to say is, most facts on the internet are wrong, particularly when they are sent to me and about 300 other people, in an unsolicited e-mail, as a joke which was meant to amuse me, but irritated me greatly and caused me to spend 15 minutes writing this blog entry when I could have been watching TV.
People in Stanthorpe shouldn't be allowed computers.